Literature Review 5
Author
Kevin Carey
Citation
Carey, Kevin. "Student Debt in America: Lend With a Smile, Collect With a Fist." The New York
Times. The New York Times, 28 Nov. 2015. Web. 7 Dec. 2015.
Summary
This is an article published in the NY times about Liz Kelley and how she was able to accumulate $410 thousand in debt. It brings up how she took out loan after loan in and out of school. The lender was the federal government, and has different rules then private lenders. The article states how Ms. Kelley was able to repeatedly take out loans while deferring her payments, not making a single payment in 25 years. The government allowed Ms Kelley to have her debts pile up, and now with interest is states that it will take her a long time to pay back her loans, past retirement if she sticks with the same job and how she cannot declare bankruptcy- she is stuck with the loans.
Quotes
"Of the 43.3 million borrowers with outstanding federal student loans, 1.8 percent, or 779,000 people, owe $150,000 or more. And 346,000 owe more than $200,000."
"A private sector lender approached by a potential borrower with no assets, a modest income and $350,000 in debt who had never made a payment on that loan in over 20 years would not, presumably, lend that person an additional $7,800. But that’s exactly what the Department of Education did for Ms. Kelley in 2011. Legally, it could do nothing else."
Relation
The article highlights a lot of what is wrong with how loans are being handled. This is not a unique case, students take out loans to afford going to college. But with the government pushing people to go to college and allowing them to take out loans with reckless abandon results in loans that are often unpayable. The government allows people to take out loans, and while the alternative may be harmful to the individual, there are other options. But instead of taking those options, the people are conditioned in to just taking out loans and then become stuck with them for the rest of their lives. Since my paper is about student loans and debt, this was pretty much directly related.
Monday, December 7, 2015
Sunday, November 29, 2015
Research Blog 8
Interview
Do you commute?
Yes
Are you taking out loans, are they large, what about scholarships
Yes and no, they weren't too big. (the loans)
Do you have a job? Where does the money go?
Yes, work only weekends 15 hours total. Salary goes to the bank, tips I use as spending money.
How much time do you have to yourself?
Commute takes time, but like enough time. Like 5 or 6 or whatever.
Do you feel stressed out whenever you think about balancing work and study?
I have some support from parents so I'm not too too concerned.
What is your major, do you think you'll be able to make your loan payments on time?
Changed major to marketing, assuming if I did what I'd do now then I'd be able to pay it. I commute and CUNY is like really cheap, so it's really not too expensive. Express bus is expensive as shit though fare is $6.50
Plans post graduation?
Get a job. Game plan is probably through internship with help from the school
Did you feel like you needed to attend college?
Well yeah, you kind of need to go to college since everyone does it. If you don't nobody will take you seriously.
Interviewee 2
What do you look for when hiring?
We either look for experienced workers who have proved their worth and ability to work diligently, or we look at our interns... Students who have an internship are given a chance and if we like them, then we would be more than happy to offer the intern a job. Uh anyone can be offered a job, if we like them then we can secure them a job before they graduate. Work ethic is really important, and while we're biased towards some schools, we are willing to hire from any school if the person attracts our interest.
Are the interns paid?
No, the interns are usually not paid.
Interviewee 3
How much money are you making?
$21.75 (Canadian)
Is that a lot or a little money?
it's pretty __ expensive up here so not that much
Obviously you're not in college right. Do you feel like it's important?
Yeah of course I'm not, I'm not going to deal with that __. There are tons of jobs here that don't need college, world will always needs craftsmen you know?
Do you live alone or do you have your own place?
Dude I live with my family, why'd I rent my own place? (I ask about dorming) Honestly it's a waste of money just live at home, no rent and you don't have to pay OR make your own food! But hey each to his own you know.
The first person I interviewed is a fellow college student, to get another person's thoughts on their loans and why they attend college. In his eyes most students would attend college if they want to be competitive. The second person I interviewed is my Dad, who takes part in hiring employees for a major company. Where better to ask about college grads and internships than someone directly involved? Answer seems to be an outlier, since many companies make it very difficult to have a secure job, especially before graduating. The third person is a high school grad in Canada who decided not to go to college. The culture there seems different, and makes sense. Not everyone needs to attend college to get something done in life, and also ignore lots of the stigma tied to people who don't go to college.
Do you commute?
Yes
Are you taking out loans, are they large, what about scholarships
Yes and no, they weren't too big. (the loans)
Do you have a job? Where does the money go?
Yes, work only weekends 15 hours total. Salary goes to the bank, tips I use as spending money.
How much time do you have to yourself?
Commute takes time, but like enough time. Like 5 or 6 or whatever.
Do you feel stressed out whenever you think about balancing work and study?
I have some support from parents so I'm not too too concerned.
What is your major, do you think you'll be able to make your loan payments on time?
Changed major to marketing, assuming if I did what I'd do now then I'd be able to pay it. I commute and CUNY is like really cheap, so it's really not too expensive. Express bus is expensive as shit though fare is $6.50
Plans post graduation?
Get a job. Game plan is probably through internship with help from the school
Did you feel like you needed to attend college?
Well yeah, you kind of need to go to college since everyone does it. If you don't nobody will take you seriously.
Interviewee 2
What do you look for when hiring?
We either look for experienced workers who have proved their worth and ability to work diligently, or we look at our interns... Students who have an internship are given a chance and if we like them, then we would be more than happy to offer the intern a job. Uh anyone can be offered a job, if we like them then we can secure them a job before they graduate. Work ethic is really important, and while we're biased towards some schools, we are willing to hire from any school if the person attracts our interest.
Are the interns paid?
No, the interns are usually not paid.
Interviewee 3
How much money are you making?
$21.75 (Canadian)
Is that a lot or a little money?
it's pretty __ expensive up here so not that much
Obviously you're not in college right. Do you feel like it's important?
Yeah of course I'm not, I'm not going to deal with that __. There are tons of jobs here that don't need college, world will always needs craftsmen you know?
Do you live alone or do you have your own place?
Dude I live with my family, why'd I rent my own place? (I ask about dorming) Honestly it's a waste of money just live at home, no rent and you don't have to pay OR make your own food! But hey each to his own you know.
The first person I interviewed is a fellow college student, to get another person's thoughts on their loans and why they attend college. In his eyes most students would attend college if they want to be competitive. The second person I interviewed is my Dad, who takes part in hiring employees for a major company. Where better to ask about college grads and internships than someone directly involved? Answer seems to be an outlier, since many companies make it very difficult to have a secure job, especially before graduating. The third person is a high school grad in Canada who decided not to go to college. The culture there seems different, and makes sense. Not everyone needs to attend college to get something done in life, and also ignore lots of the stigma tied to people who don't go to college.
Research Blog 6
Visual
A graph is a simple way to show how much people are actually burdened by student debt. The image is taken from the NSNA, which collects info regarding all nursing students in the united states. The article states that the trends in the nursing profession mirror the trends for all students, so this is can be used as a good estimate for those who graduate with or without debt. So in the past 4 years over 70% of nursing students have graduated with debt. The numbers cannot be bent in any way, they are incredibly simple and very straightforward.
Literature Review 4
Author
Stanley Aronowitz
Citation
Aronowitz, Stanley. "The Death And Life Of American Labor." Social Policy 44.4 (2014): 49-53.Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.
Summary
This reading discusses the lower end employee, protests, the strengths of unions and government. The potential growth or decline in the American labor market is according to the reading heavily influenced by the policies that the government implement, and how the unions and workers react to them. It points to many specific stats/cases such as gender inequality in the workplace, and the inability for many people to be unable to properly sustain themselves even though they work. He focuses on what government policies do that affect these topics, such as the government cutting retirement benefits, and what the people currently working need to do to protect themselves in case unions cannot.
Quotes
"In 2013 half of U.S. households reported having trouble making ends meet, and that is an egregious scandal in the richest country in the world." (51)
"Courts brazenly support employer demands for antistrike injunctions, while employers freely intimidate workers in the job, especially those seeking union recognition; routinely violate the laws enacted to protect worker's wages and hours; and engage in outright wage theft- all because they know that the federal and state governments are lax in enforcement" (51)
"Yet in the past twenty years schooling has become a labor issue: credentials are the first qualification for the new high-tech workplaces and for entrance into the burgeoning army of administrative workers. Yes, more working class students today do enter some institution of higher education. But the dropout rate is appalling, because most of these students are forced to work full-time to pay tuition ad support themselves or contribute to the family income." (53)
Relation
The piece has several points that are directly related to my topic. One huge reason why student debt is so large is because the people cannot get a good sustainable job post graduation. The piece discusses how the government is not making it easy to pay off debts, and that simply having a job isn't enough due to the negative influences caused by the employers and government. It points to the issues of the unions and how they can't or don't do what's required for employee safety, and ties education to the wage crisis, housing etc.
Stanley Aronowitz
Citation
Aronowitz, Stanley. "The Death And Life Of American Labor." Social Policy 44.4 (2014): 49-53.Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 Nov. 2015.
Summary
This reading discusses the lower end employee, protests, the strengths of unions and government. The potential growth or decline in the American labor market is according to the reading heavily influenced by the policies that the government implement, and how the unions and workers react to them. It points to many specific stats/cases such as gender inequality in the workplace, and the inability for many people to be unable to properly sustain themselves even though they work. He focuses on what government policies do that affect these topics, such as the government cutting retirement benefits, and what the people currently working need to do to protect themselves in case unions cannot.
Quotes
"In 2013 half of U.S. households reported having trouble making ends meet, and that is an egregious scandal in the richest country in the world." (51)
"Courts brazenly support employer demands for antistrike injunctions, while employers freely intimidate workers in the job, especially those seeking union recognition; routinely violate the laws enacted to protect worker's wages and hours; and engage in outright wage theft- all because they know that the federal and state governments are lax in enforcement" (51)
"Yet in the past twenty years schooling has become a labor issue: credentials are the first qualification for the new high-tech workplaces and for entrance into the burgeoning army of administrative workers. Yes, more working class students today do enter some institution of higher education. But the dropout rate is appalling, because most of these students are forced to work full-time to pay tuition ad support themselves or contribute to the family income." (53)
Relation
The piece has several points that are directly related to my topic. One huge reason why student debt is so large is because the people cannot get a good sustainable job post graduation. The piece discusses how the government is not making it easy to pay off debts, and that simply having a job isn't enough due to the negative influences caused by the employers and government. It points to the issues of the unions and how they can't or don't do what's required for employee safety, and ties education to the wage crisis, housing etc.
Monday, November 23, 2015
Literature Review 3
Literature Review 3
Citation
Rank, Mark R., Yoon Hong-Sik, and
Thomas A. Hirschl. "American Poverty As A Structural Failing: Evidence And
Arguments." Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare 30.4
(2003): 3-29. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 Nov. 2015.
Summary
The reading discusses how poverty
is the result of structural failure, or how the government has intentionally or
unintentionally set the poor up to fail.
It brings up educational programs set up by the government with the
intent to aid people, the struggling market of labor to supply jobs for workers
and the difference between wages and increasing living expenses. It also brings up the contrast, that it's the
person's fault that they are poor.
Authors
Mark R. Rank of Washington
University, George Warren Brown School of Social Work
Hong-Sik Yoon of Chonbuk National
University (Korea), Department of Social Welfare
Thomas A. Hirschl of Cornell
University, Department of Rural Sociology
Quotes
"15.3 percent are at jobs in
which their earnings will not get their families above 1.25 of the poverty
line, and 22.0 percent are eomployed at jobs that will not get their families
above 1.50 of the poverty line. We can
clearly see that the jobs one parent family heads are working at are much less
able to sustain these households above the level of poverty than that for all
families." (Rank, Yoon and Hirschl 12)
"On one hand, poverty has been
viewed as the result of individual failings.
From this perspective, specific attributes of the impoverished
individual have brought about their poverty." (Rank, Yoon and Hirschl 4)
"On the other hand, poverty
has periodically been interpreted as the result of the failings at a structural
level, such as the inability of the economy to produce enough decent paying
jobs." (Rank, Yoon and Hirschl 4)
Relation to Topic
The idea that it's the fault of the
structure (government/corporations) failings that result in poverty is being
applied to my paper when regarding student debt through student loans, and the
increasing student loan bubble. The
three people use pieces of evidence that mirror the events that are happening
today in regards of student debt, and the concepts tie in to both topics. In the same way that people are poor due to inadequate
jobs is the same reason that people cannot earn enough to pay their debts.
Tuesday, October 27, 2015
Five Sources
Bibliography
Lawson, Aaron. "Educational Federalism: A New Case For Reduced Federal Involvement In K- 12 Education." Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal 2 (2013): 281- 318.Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
Lawson, Aaron. "Educational Federalism: A New Case For Reduced Federal Involvement In K- 12 Education." Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal 2 (2013): 281- 318.Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
RILEY, JASON L. "When Good Intentions Aren't Good
Enough."Intercollegiate Review (2015): 16-19. Academic
Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
Green III, Preston C., Bruce D. Baker, and Joseph O.
Oluwole. "Having It Both Ways: How Charter Schools Try To Obtain Funding
Of Public Schools And The Autonomy Of Private Schools." Emory Law
Journal 63.2 (2013): 303-337.Academic Search Premier. Web. 27
Oct. 2015.
Peer, Justin W., Stephen B. Hillman, and Emma Van Hoet.
"The Effects Of Stress On The Lives Of Emerging Adult College Students: An
Exploratory Analysis." Adultspan Journal 14.2 (2015):
90-99. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
Jackson, Chandra L., et al. "Asian-White Disparities In
Short Sleep Duration By Industry Of Employment And Occupation In The US: A
Cross-Sectional Study." BMC Public Health 14.1 (2014):
1805-1824. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
Literature Review 2
Literature
Review 2
Source
Educational Federalism: A New Case for Reduced
Federal Involvement In K-12 Education.
Citation
Lawson, Aaron. "Educational Federalism: A New
Case For Reduced Federal Involvement In K- 12
Education." Brigham Young University Education & Law Journal 2
(2013): 281- 318.Academic Search
Premier. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.
Summary
The article discusses federal intervention in public
education and the effect it has on the students, particularly the
poor/minorities. It argues that the
failures of certain programs/groups set by the government is harming minority
students and is not giving them a proper education. It analyzes policies and how they hamper states'
ability to address problems regarding funds and education criteria.
Author
Aaron Lawson, Associate at Edelson PC, former Staff
Attorney for US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
Quotes
"However, the fact that federal involvement in
education as produced undesirable outcomes for poor and minority students
should cause policymakers to reexamine whether it is most desirable for the
federal government to play such a significant role in education." (Lawson,
285)
"plaintiffs have a right not to equal state
funding but to schools that provide the opportunity for a sound basic
education" (Lawson, 294)
"In the context of education, where a court
will establish limits on the exercise of legislative discretion but call upon
the legislature to formulate a remedy in the first instance, a state court's
action will be less effective since the legislature is already constrained by
conditions attached to the receipt of federal funds. Indeed, where the effect
of the federal policy is as harmful as some policies may be,"^116 the
court's ability to vindicate the rights of students might be entirely ineffective.
This possibility becomes more plausible as federal intervention grows." (Lawson, 302)
Key Terms
Race to the Top Fund (RTTT): A government
program. States are asked to put reforms
in 4 different areas which are improving low score schools, recruitment and retainment
of good teachers and principals, create data systems to analyze student growth,
and share it with teachers and finally adopt methods to prepare students for
higher education and work.
Fourteenth Amendment: Addresses equal rights and protection laws to
all citizens, this amendment cane as a result of the freed slaves after the
civil war. Includes Citizenship Clause,
Privileges or Immunities Clause, Due Process Clause, and Equal Protection
Clause.
No Child Left Behind: Government program set to aid disadvantaged
students. It set certain standards of
improvement that schools must keep, lest they be penalized.
Value
The article is lengthy and discusses many government
programs that may seem good at a glance.
There's lots of analysis on what the programs actually did to the
schools, and how the federal government reacted, causing many negative things
for the bottom end students. The
programs are in grade schools, and show that federal intervention regarding
education is not always helpful, and tied with the financial backgrounds of the
students negatively affected, may actually keep the students down.
Tuesday, October 13, 2015
Literature Review One
Source
Nursing Student Loan
Debt: A Secondary Analysis of the National Student Nurses' Association Annual Survey
of New Graduates.
Citation
Feeg, Veronica D., and Diane J. Mancino. "Nursing
Student Loan Debt: A Secondary Analysis Of The National Student Nurses’
Association Annual Survey Of New Graduates." Nursing Economic$ 32.5
(2014): 231-240. Academic Search Premier. Web. 13 Oct. 2015.
Summary
The article discusses student loan, specifically in the
nursing field and the struggles of nursing students to get jobs and start
paying off their debts in a timely fashion and why it's so difficult for them
to do so when compared to other graduates.
It mentions the trend that students are borrowing more money to complete
their degrees, similar to the national trend of increase borrowing. For nursing students (and most other
undergrads) loans are the primary source
of money and that students wish there were more ways to acquire money for their
degrees, because the debt from loans only adds to their stress. It brings the struggle of specialized
schools, such as nursing schools. These
students need to pay for the often more expensive schools such as law or
nursing schools in order to be competitive, but then they're expected to start
paying the loans after graduating.
Authors
Veronica D. Feeg has a PhD, is an RN and a FAAN. She's the associate Dean, and director for
Center of Nursing Research and Scholarly Practice in Nursing in Molloy College
in Rockville Centre in New York state.
Diane L. Mancino has a EdD, is an RN, CAE, FAAN and is an
Executive Director, National Student Nurses' Association and the Foundation of
NSNA in Brooklyn, New York and is the editor of Dean's
Notes.
Quotes
"Nursing School is expensive, but worth every
penny. But it is a burden to wonder how
I will afford tuition and how I will be able to afford payments on student
loans within 6 months after graduation. Nursing school requires my full devotion and
working to afford this program takes away some of my study time and only adds
more stress.. I wish there were more resources to pay for school"
(NSNA,2014) (Feeg and Mancino, 236)
"Loan consumers must play it forward: What happens after they graduate (or do not
graduate)? When will loan payments
start" When will loan payments
start? What is the interest rate and is
it fixed or variable? What will they do
if they cannot find a job and loan repayment starts?" (Feeg and Mancino,
238)
"When the date for students who reported they attended
a private, for-profit proprietary school were separated and compared to loan
data for all students, a clear pattern emerged.
New nursing graduates who were students in for-profit proprietary
schools were more likely to report they had accumulated large debt to pay for
school when compared to all new nursing graduates combined: almost 90%"
(Feed and Mancino 235)
Key Terms
ADN/BSN: Associates
Degree in Nursing and Bachelor of Science in Nursing respectively. An ADN takes around 2 years to complete while
a BSN takes around 4 years (including prerequisites.) They both include core nursing curriculum,
while a BSN has additional courses in theory, research information etc. While both are Nursing programs, those with
ADN may find more trouble getting work, and may need to take additional
courses, delaying their ability to get a job and pay loans.
NSNA: National
Student Nurses' Association
Value
I picked the article because it has a very large amount of
stats discussing a specific field, but with plenty of information and study
methods than can be used to compare to other graduates. When discussing and analyzing a specific type
of school and student many parallels can be tied to the general student, and
the method of research done in the article makes it easy to tie it to other
scholarly articles with similar topics.
In it, I can clearly see how these students measure in debt and what
kind of problems they are running into, and it touches on many topics such as
the loan bubble and mental problems along with inequality in the workforce/hiring
practices. While not a med student, the
article directly relates to me because it is about undergrads and student debt.
Tuesday, October 6, 2015
Post 2
I still feel like I can use the Must Attend College mindset as a topic, but the readings that I've read so far have been more aimed towards people wanting or already attending college, and not the other way around.
Some google searches got me some good information and stats. One site I went to said that around 44% of college grads are underemployed-working jobs that don't require degrees. According to the site it's a number that hasn't really changed since 1994, but it still shows that many people aren't using their degrees. Some other numbers stood out to me, like rise in 30% of low wage jobs and a drop from higher paying jobs that don't require a degree.
The articles and books that seem important are things like magazines such as times alongside academic journals.
Information grabbed from experts from some books and articles repeat some of the problems I'm looking at, a rise in underemployed workers that may be tied to overall rise in college grads, and as a result lowering the weight of a degree itself. Lots of the info that I've found were from various articls that list studies and stats. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/many-college-grads/ shows stats like projected jobs in the future that require degrees compared to those that actually have them. It shows stats that can reinforce my topic, one part stating that employers are demanding better educated workers creates a very competitive environment due to increased number of grads that also results in lower pay due to the employers lack of confidence in the degrees held. Another site http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2011/12/19/Why-Americas-College-Students-Dont-Graduate has information on the increase in price to get a degree, and the actual effectiveness of the degree. One point it brings up is the saturation of relatively useless classes.
I have not found any controversies yet, but one I could think of is that people need to get degrees in order to compete in the changing job market, so mediocre or not, people will strive for the degrees. Even if someone has a degree and is underemployed or low on the corporate ladder, not having one may result in them not even being considered.
Some google searches got me some good information and stats. One site I went to said that around 44% of college grads are underemployed-working jobs that don't require degrees. According to the site it's a number that hasn't really changed since 1994, but it still shows that many people aren't using their degrees. Some other numbers stood out to me, like rise in 30% of low wage jobs and a drop from higher paying jobs that don't require a degree.
The articles and books that seem important are things like magazines such as times alongside academic journals.
Information grabbed from experts from some books and articles repeat some of the problems I'm looking at, a rise in underemployed workers that may be tied to overall rise in college grads, and as a result lowering the weight of a degree itself. Lots of the info that I've found were from various articls that list studies and stats. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/making-sense/many-college-grads/ shows stats like projected jobs in the future that require degrees compared to those that actually have them. It shows stats that can reinforce my topic, one part stating that employers are demanding better educated workers creates a very competitive environment due to increased number of grads that also results in lower pay due to the employers lack of confidence in the degrees held. Another site http://www.thefiscaltimes.com/Articles/2011/12/19/Why-Americas-College-Students-Dont-Graduate has information on the increase in price to get a degree, and the actual effectiveness of the degree. One point it brings up is the saturation of relatively useless classes.
I have not found any controversies yet, but one I could think of is that people need to get degrees in order to compete in the changing job market, so mediocre or not, people will strive for the degrees. Even if someone has a degree and is underemployed or low on the corporate ladder, not having one may result in them not even being considered.
Post One
Hum alright so this is the first post. The main topic that I'm interested is probably the idea that everyone needs to go to a University. There are lots of stories about the student loan bubble and college dropout rate, but they don't always mention the increase rate of people going to college. While aiming for higher education isn't a bad thing, it's not necessarily for everyone. The fact that everyone from parents to the government is pushing for higher education is just awful, it's essentially just fueling a business. Loads of kids who I believe shouldn't be going to college are being pushed to taking out loans and attending because everyone else is doing it, even though it may not benefit them at all. I think it's a pretty big problem, so at the moment that's the topic that I'm looking at.
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